Valentina Tereshkova was born in a village in Central Russia on 6 March 1937. Her father was a tractor driver and her mother worked in a textile plant. At the age of eight she began her schooling but did not enjoy it much. She left the school within a few years. Afterwards she completed her education through distance learning. She became interested in parachute from a young age, and trained in skydiving at the local Aeroclub, making her first jump at age 22 on 21 May 1959. It was her expertise in skydiving that led to her selection as a cosmonaut.
After the flight of Yuri Gagarin, the first human being to travel to outer space in April 1961, the Soviet Union decided to send a woman in space. On 16 February 1962, "proletaria" Valentina Tereshkova was selected for this project from among more than four hundred applicants. Tereshkova had to undergo a series of training that included weightless flights, isolation tests, centrifuge tests, rocket theory, spacecraft engineering, 120 parachute jump and training in MiG-15UTI jet fighters.
Since the successful launch of the spacecraft Vostok-5 on 14 June 1963, Tereshkova began preparing for her own flight. On the morning of 16 June 1963, Tereshkova and her back-up cosmonaut Solovyova were dressed in space-suits and taken to the space shuttle launch pad by a bus. After completing her communication and life support checks, she was sealed inside Vostok 6. Finishing a two-hour countdown, Vostok-6 launched faultlessly.
Although Tereshkova experienced nausea and physical discomfort for much of the flight, she orbited the earth 48 times and spent almost three days in space. With a single flight, she logged more flight time than the combined times of all American astronauts who had flown before that date. Tereshkova also maintained a flight log and took photographs of the horizon, which were later used to identify aerosol layers within the atmosphere.
Vostok-6 was the final Vostok flight and was launched two days after Vostok-5, which carried Valary Bykovsy into a similar orbit for five days, landing three hours after Tereshkova. The two vessels approached each other within 5 kilometres at one point and from space Tereshkova communicated with Bykovsky and the Soviet leader Khrushchev by radio.
Much later, in 1977 Tereshkova earned a doctorate in Engineering from Zhukovsky Air Force Academy. Afterwards she turned to politics. During the Soviet regime she became one of the presidium members of the Supreme Soviet. Now this living legend is a member in the lower house of the Russian legislature. On her 70th birthday when she was invited by the Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, she expressed her desire to fly Mars, even if for a one-way trip.
āĻāĻ্āĻাāϰāĻŖঃ
āĻ্āϝাāϞেāύ্āĻিāύা āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻা āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āϰাāĻļিāϝ়াāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āĻ্āϰাāĻŽে 1937 āϏাāϞেāϰ 6 āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ āĻāύ্āĻŽāĻ্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻāϰেāύ। āϤাāϰ āĻŦাāĻŦা āĻিāϞেāύ āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻ্āϰাāĻ্āĻāϰ āĻাāϞāĻ āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āĻŽা āĻāĻāĻি āĻেāĻ্āϏāĻাāĻāϞ āĻাāϰāĻাāύাāϝ় āĻাāĻ āĻāϰāϤেāύ। āĻāĻ āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻŦāϝ়āϏে āϤিāύি āϤাāϰ āϏ্āĻুāϞে āĻĒāĻĄ়াāĻļোāύা āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ āĻিāύ্āϤু āĻুāĻŦ āĻāĻāĻা āĻāĻĒāĻোāĻ āĻāϰেāύāύি। āĻāϝ়েāĻ āĻŦāĻāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϏে āϏ্āĻুāϞ āĻেāĻĄ়ে āĻĻেāϝ়। āĻĒāϰে āϤিāύি āĻĻূāϰ āĻļিāĻ্āώাāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϤাāϰ āĻļিāĻ্āώা āĻļেāώ āĻāϰেāύ। āϤিāύি āĻ āϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦāϝ়āϏ āĻĨেāĻেāĻ āĻĒ্āϝাāϰাāĻļুāĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻāĻ্āϰāĻšী āĻšāϝ়ে āĻāĻ েāύ āĻāĻŦং āϏ্āĻĨাāύীāϝ় āĻ ্āϝাāϰোāĻ্āϞাāĻŦে āϏ্āĻাāĻāĻĄাāĻāĻিংāϝ়ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖ āύেāύ, 21 āĻŽে 1959 āϏাāϞে 22 āĻŦāĻāϰ āĻŦāϝ়āϏে āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āϞাāĻĢ āĻĻেāύ। āϏ্āĻাāĻāĻĄাāĻāĻিংāϝ়ে āϤাāϰ āĻĻāĻ্āώāϤাāĻ āϤাāĻে āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļāĻাāϰী āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦেāĻে āύিāϝ়েāĻিāϞ।
1961 āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻāĻĒ্āϰিāϞে āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļে āĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻŖāĻাāϰী āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽাāύāĻŦ āĻāĻāϰি āĻ্āϝাāĻাāϰিāύেāϰ āĻāĻĄ্āĻĄāϝ়āύেāϰ āĻĒāϰ, āϏোāĻিāϝ়েāϤ āĻāĻāύিāϝ়āύ āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻŽāĻšিāϞাāĻে āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļে āĻĒাāĻ াāύোāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύেāϝ়। 16 āĻĢেāĻŦ্āϰুāϝ়াāϰী 1962-āĻ, "āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻšাāϰা" āĻ্āϝাāϞেāύ্āĻিāύা āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻা āĻাāϰ āĻļāϤাāϧিāĻ āĻāĻŦেāĻĻāύāĻাāϰীāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĨেāĻে āĻāĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻāϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāĻিāϤ āĻšāύ। āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻাāĻে āĻāĻāύāĻšীāύ āĻĢ্āϞাāĻāĻ, āĻŦিāĻ্āĻিāύ্āύāϤা āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώা, āϏেāύ্āĻ্āϰিāĻĢিāĻāĻ āĻĒāϰীāĻ্āώা, āϰāĻেāĻ āϤāϤ্āϤ্āĻŦ, āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļāϝাāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻৌāĻļāϞ, 120 āĻĒ্āϝাāϰাāϏুāĻ āĻাāĻŽ্āĻĒ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽিāĻ-15āĻāĻāĻিāĻāĻ āĻেāĻ āĻĢাāĻāĻাāϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻļিāĻ্āώāĻŖেāϰ āĻāĻāĻি āϏিāϰিāĻেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻĻিāϝ়ে āϝেāϤে āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ।
1963 āϏাāϞেāϰ 14 āĻুāύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļāϝাāύ āĻāϏ্āĻāĻ-5 āĻāϰ āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻā§āĻ্āώেāĻĒāĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻĨেāĻে, āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻা āϤাāϰ āύিāĻেāϰ āĻĢ্āϞাāĻāĻেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻĒ্āϰāϏ্āϤুāϤি āĻļুāϰু āĻāϰেāύ। 16 āĻুāύ 1963-āĻāϰ āϏāĻাāϞে, āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻা āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻ-āĻāĻĒ āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļāĻাāϰী āϏোāϞোāĻিāĻāĻাāĻে āϏ্āĻĒেāϏ-āϏ্āϝুāĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻšিāϤ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻি āĻŦাāϏে āĻāϰে āϏ্āĻĒেāϏ āĻļাāĻāϞ āϞāĻ্āĻ āĻĒ্āϝাāĻĄে āύিāϝ়ে āϝাāĻāϝ়া āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ। āϤাāϰ āϝোāĻাāϝোāĻ āĻāĻŦং āϞাāĻāĻĢ āϏাāĻĒোāϰ্āĻ āĻেāĻ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāύ্āύ āĻāϰাāϰ āĻĒāϰ, āϤাāĻে āĻোāϏ্āĻāĻ 6 āĻāϰ āĻিāϤāϰে āϏিāϞ āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ। āĻĻুāĻ āĻāύ্āĻাāϰ āĻাāĻāύ্āĻāĻĄাāĻāύ āĻļেāώ āĻāϰে, āĻāϏ্āĻāĻ-6 āϤ্āϰুāĻিāĻšীāύāĻাāĻŦে āĻাāϞু āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ।
āϝāĻĻিāĻ āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻা āĻŦেāĻļিāϰāĻাāĻ āĻĢ্āϞাāĻāĻেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻŦāĻŽি āĻŦāĻŽি āĻাāĻŦ āĻāĻŦং āĻļাāϰীāϰিāĻ āĻ āϏ্āĻŦāϏ্āϤি āĻ āύুāĻāĻŦ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ, āϤিāύি āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāĻে 48 āĻŦাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻāĻ্āώিāĻŖ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āϰাāϝ় āϤিāύ āĻĻিāύ āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļে āĻাāĻিāϝ়েāĻিāϞেāύ। āĻāĻāĻি āĻāĻāĻ āĻĢ্āϞাāĻāĻেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে, āϤিāύি āϏেāĻ āϤাāϰিāĻেāϰ āĻāĻে āĻāĻĄ়ে āϝাāĻāϝ়া āϏāĻŽāϏ্āϤ āĻāĻŽেāϰিāĻাāύ āύāĻোāĻাāϰীāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽিāϞিāϤ āϏāĻŽāϝ়েāϰ āĻেāϝ়ে āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĢ্āϞাāĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāϝ় āϞāĻ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ। āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻা āĻāĻāĻি āĻĢ্āϞাāĻāĻ āϞāĻ āϰāĻ্āώāĻŖাāĻŦেāĻ্āώāĻŖ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ āĻāĻŦং āĻĻিāĻāύ্āϤেāϰ āĻāĻŦি āϤুāϞেāĻিāϞেāύ, āϝা āĻĒāϰে āĻŦাāϝ়ুāĻŽāĻŖ্āĻĄāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ ্āϝাāϰোāϏāϞ āϏ্āϤāϰāĻুāϞি āϏāύাāĻ্āϤ āĻāϰāϤে āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšৃāϤ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ।
āĻোāϏ্āĻāĻ-6 āĻিāϞ āĻāϏ্āĻāĻ-āĻāϰ āĻূāĻĄ়াāύ্āϤ āĻĢ্āϞাāĻāĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻোāϏ্āĻāĻ-5-āĻāϰ āĻĻুāĻ āĻĻিāύ āĻĒāϰ āĻাāϞু āĻāϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞ, āϝা āĻ্āϝাāϞাāϰি āĻŦাāĻāĻোāĻāϏিāĻে āĻĒাঁāĻ āĻĻিāύেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝ āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻ্āώāĻĒāĻĨে āύিāϝ়ে āĻিāϝ়েāĻিāϞ, āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻাāϰ āϤিāύ āĻāĻŖ্āĻা āĻĒāϰ āĻ āĻŦāϤāϰāĻŖ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞ। āĻĻুāĻি āĻাāĻšাāĻ āĻāĻ āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϝ়ে 5 āĻিāϞোāĻŽিāĻাāϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻāĻে āĻ āĻĒāϰেāϰ āĻাāĻে āĻāϏেāĻিāϞ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽāĻšাāĻাāĻļ āĻĨেāĻে āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻা āĻŦাāĻāĻāĻāϏ্āĻি āĻāĻŦং āϏোāĻিāϝ়েāϤ āύেāϤা āĻ্āϰুāĻļ্āĻেāĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϰেāĻĄিāĻāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϝোāĻাāϝোāĻ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ।
āĻ āύেāĻ āĻĒāϰে, 1977 āϏাāϞে āϤেāϰেāĻļāĻোāĻা āĻুāĻāĻāϏ্āĻি āĻāϝ়াāϰ āĻĢোāϰ্āϏ āĻāĻাāĻĄেāĻŽি āĻĨেāĻে āĻāĻ্āĻিāύিāϝ়াāϰিংāϝ়ে āĻĄāĻ্āĻāϰেāĻ āĻ āϰ্āĻāύ āĻāϰেāύ। āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ āϤিāύি āϰাāĻāύীāϤিāϤে āĻুঁāĻে āĻĒāĻĄ়েāύ। āϏোāĻিāϝ়েāϤ āĻļাāϏāύাāĻŽāϞে āϤিāύি āϏুāĻĒ্āϰিāĻŽ āϏোāĻিāϝ়েāϤেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰেāϏিāĻĄিāϝ়াāĻŽ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāĻĻেāϰ āĻāĻāĻāύ āĻšāϝ়েāĻিāϞেāύ। āĻāĻāύ āĻāĻ āĻীāĻŦāύ্āϤ āĻিংāĻŦāĻĻāύ্āϤি āϰাāĻļিāϝ়াāύ āĻāĻāύāϏāĻাāϰ āύিāĻŽ্āύāĻāĻ্āώেāϰ āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ। āϤাāϰ 70 āϤāĻŽ āĻāύ্āĻŽāĻĻিāύে āϝāĻāύ āϤাāĻে āϰাāĻļিāϝ়াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻ্āϞাāĻĻিāĻŽিāϰ āĻĒুāϤিāύ āĻāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻাāύিāϝ়েāĻিāϞেāύ, āϤিāύি āĻŽāĻ্āĻāϞ āĻ্āϰāĻšে āϝাāĻāϝ়াāϰ āĻāĻ্āĻা āĻĒ্āϰāĻাāĻļ āĻāϰেāĻিāϞেāύ, āĻāĻŽāύāĻি āĻāĻāĻŽুāĻী āĻ্āϰāĻŽāĻŖেāϰ āĻāύ্āϝāĻ।